Mechanical movement



E. G. DOUGHERTY MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Dec. 5,1944

Filed Oct. 8 1942 4 Sheets-Sheep 1 Dec. 5, 1944. E. cs. DOUGHERTY MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 8, 1942 1944- E. e. DOUGHERTY 2,354,429

" MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed Oct. 8, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec. 5, 1944.

E. c; DOUGHERTY MECHANI CAL MOVEMENT 7 Filed out. a, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Dou INVENTOR gherT Patented Dee. 5, 1944 MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Edward G. Dougherty, Fairhope, in. Application October 8, 1942, Serial No. 481,319

13 Claims. (01. 74-25)" My invention relates to mechanical movements, and particularly to devices for producing by rotary motion eil'ects similar to those produced by reciprocatorymovements by means wherein each point or portion or atom revolves continuously in aperfect circle about its own individual center of rotation without any dwell or reversal in its motion and therefore without any losses of power due to loss of momentum and rebuilding of momentum as occur, for instance, in the reciprocation of the pistons of steam engines of the reciprocatory type.

It is a primary object of my invention to reduce power losses in machinery by doing away with the losses due to the slowing and stopping of reciprocatory parts followed by again bringing.

and may drive the other as well as the remaining parts of the mechanism shown.

The upper gear ll is'mounted on a shaft II coaxialiy with a pinion ll fixed on the same shaft. Pinion II is in mesh with a pinion II on a shaft I I to which is secured a disk I I connected by a wristpin 18 (Fig. 1) to another disk I! on a shaft 20 having a gear 2| secured thereto, said gear meshing with a gear 2| which in turn meshes with a gear 22, all Journaled-on the frame l0.

The gear I: is connected in similar manner,

by means of pinions 24, 25, disks 28. 21 and a wristpin 28 to a second train of gearing comprising gears 29, 30', 3| meshing with each other and respectively in mesh with gears II, 22, 23 of the train above them. All the disks herein shown them up to full speed at the end of each stroke,

as in steam engines and many other devices for converting motion.

Another object is to avoid dead centers, such as commonly occur in machinery for converting motion or power.

Other objects and advantages ofmy invention will appearupon consideration of the following specification and of the annexed drawings, which are made a part of this application and in which similar reference characters indicate similar parts.

Referring now to the drawings: Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of my invention, with parts broken away,

i 2, a top plan view,

Fig. 3, a section on line 3-3 of Fig.1, with 7 parts omitted.

Fig. 4, a partial side in Fig. I, viewed fro device.

Fig. 5, a side elevation of another. embodiment Of my invention,

Fig. 6, a top plan of the same,

Fig. 7, a section on line 1-1 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8, an elevation of a modified form of the invention,

Fig. 9, aside elevation of another form,

Fig. 10, a horizontal section of the same, and- Fig. 11, a detail of parts'shown inFig. 10, partly in section.

In the drawings, reference character In indicates a frame of any suitable character for supporting the other parts shown in the illustrative embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4. In this form there are shown upper and lower gears Ii and [2 in mesh with each other. Either one of these gears may be connected to a suitable source of power elevation of parts shown the opposite side of the may. serve as flywheels.

The gears 23 and 3! (Fig. 2) are integral with, or rigidly secured to, disks such as above described, gear il' being fastto coaxial disks 3!, 33 which are connected by a wristpin 34, and gear 23 being fast to similar disks in the upper part of the frame, only one of these disks being shown at 35, and said disks being connected by awristpinii.

The upperwristpins II and 86 carry a connecting rod 31, and the lower wristpins M and 28 carry a connecting rod 38. In this embodiment of the invention these connecting rods are shown as provided with projections 39 and 4. arranged in opposed pairs, the individual projections extending respectively upward and downward from the said connecting rods in such positions that each projection 39- will engage the opposed-projection 40 at the time .of nearest approach of the connecting rods, or nearly so, ac-

cording to the conditions of use.. These projections serve to illustrate possible uses of the movement, as for example they may represent opposed grippers for feeding a strip of material through a machine, said strip passing in a horizontal plane through the machine and being fed intermittently. Or the one projection of each pair may carry a punch and the other may form or be arranged as a coacting die or bed, whereby a sheet of material fed through the machine in appropriately timed relation with the movement of the punching means may be provided with holes or indentations at predeterminedly spaced intervals.

In some-cases the intermediate gears 22 and 30 may be omitted. Again, one or the other of these gears may be the driving gear'for the entire movement, if desired. In the latter case the movement can consist. for some purposes of only the two trains of gearing at the front of Fig. 1 together with the connecting rods and a suitable framework. The gearing may have friction gears instead of toothed gears and other variations will occur to those skilled in the art of power transmission. It will be evident that the connecting rods lie in the same plane and move in that plane, which plane is here shown as vertical though it may be at any inclination or in any position; also that the axes of the gears in each train lie in a plane common to all of them and parallel to the plane of the axes of the other train.

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. to l a frame- 4| has an upward extension carrying a shaft 42 provided at one end with a gear 43 and at an intermediate point with a gear 44, both fast to the shaft. A pinion 45 is driven directly by gear 43, said pinion being in mesh with a gear 48 which in turn drives a gear 48 through-a pinion 41. At its opposite side the gear 48 meshes with a gear 4! which through a pinion 50 drives agear 5|.

The pinion 44 meshes with a pinion 52 fixed to a shaft carrying a gear 53 at the remote side of the mechanism in Figs. 5 and 6, said gear engaging a pinion 84 below the gear and in tumdriving a gear ll through a train including gears 55 and 58. At its opposite side the gear 53 engages with a gear train comprising gears I8 and 2: and an interposed pinion II for driving sear The pinions 41, II, It and BI, like the gears 22 and in the form first described, are shown as simply mounted on stub shafts in the frame 4|, which shafts will usually be stationary though they may rotate if desired, but the gears 48 and III are fixed to one another by meansof shafts ll, 42, disks 43, 84 and a wristpin I (Fig. 5) so as to rotate in unison. In like manner the gears 44 and I8 are united by means including the disks IO, 84' and a wristpin 41; the gears 49 and II by meansincludlng the disks 88, "and a ,wristpin II; and the gears II and 51 by means ofdisksll," andawrlstpinll.

Wrlstpins ii and 61 are Joined by means of a connecting rod 14, and wristpins l0 and It by a connecting rod II. It will be seen that in the movement of these ports these rods will remain always in allnement with each other and at the same level with one another though they move upward and downward, approaching each other and receding from one anotheras the gears rctate, while at the same time every point in the make-up of all the movable parts illustrated will revolve in a perfect circle about its own center ofrotation. In a mechanism of the sort shown in Figs. 5 to '7 the rods may be supplied, in one possible method of use, with blades coasting as a pair of shears to sever strip material fed vertically between them either constantly or intermittently, or they may form apertures in such material, apply dabs of adhesive thereto, etc. But here, as in the form first described, I do not limit myself to any particular. use of the devices but desire to claim -broadly the mechanical movements having the characteristics herein set forth.

Under some circumstsneeI it maybe desirable to take oi! power from such ports as the connecting rods in Fig. 1, as by attaching a cylinder ciples of my invention may be carried out without the employment of either frictional or toothed gears, since the disks such as shown at IT, 32 etc., couldbe driven by appropriately arranged belt gearing or the like.

In the modified form of the invention shown in Fig. 8, there are included only the three gears may be the driverand the others will be driven in accordance with my principle of changing rotary to reciprocatory motion and vice versa.

In the further modification shown in Figs. 9 to 11 rotary motion is converted into reciprocatory motion in very simple manner by means of a pair of meshing gears 14, ll, either of which may be driven by a suitable prime mover and the respective gears being shown asmounted in a frame 18 on shafts II and I0. Shaft 19 has a. crank 8| and shaft has a crank 82, these cranks being set 180 apart so that they approach and recede from one another in the rotation of their shafts. shown a cylinder 83 and a piston 84 is arranged in the cylinder, these parts being operated by and carried on the cranks ll and I2. It-will be evident that as the gears rotate the cranks must turn and move the cylinder and piston alternate- Lv toward and from each-other, while at the same time every point at which energy is received or transmitted (sometimes referred to as ener y contact points) onall the parts moves in a perfect circle, and that the relative reciprocation of the cylinder and the piston will transmit power that may be used in many ways, as for punching, cutting or stamping material and in many other mechanlcl-l operations.

the interior chamber of the cylinder being con-,

nected by a tubular member II to a conduit ll leading to any desired receptacle or the like. Desirably, though not necessarily, guiding means are provided to hold the piston and cylinder in alinement.'snd it will be obvious that the particular form of such guiding means is immaterial, many forms .being usable according to convenience or desire. In the present instance guidin means is shown comprising a circular head 81 on the conduit It, said head coacting with a flange 88 on the cylinder upon which flange the tube 85 is eccentrlcally mounted, the flange 88 being secured to the head I! by an internally threaded flanged collar ll. Preferably roller bearings are mounted between the end of head 81 and the adjacent face of flange It to reduce friction, as shown at ll (Fig. 10); The piston 84 is connected'to its crank .2 by a rod ll, here shown as pivoted to both the crank and the piston to prevent possible binding of the piston. Air is supplied to the piston chamber by any suitable means, as a valve .8 in the cylinder wall.

Between the two cranks there is 1. A mechanical movement comprising a plurality of circular elements rotatable in a common plane, means for rotating the circular elements of a. pair of said elements oppositely to those of another adjacent pair, and a link for each of said pairs, the links lying in a common plane other than the first-mentioned plane and being so connected to' one another as to alternately approach each other and recede from approach and recede from each other in the operation of the device while remaining alined.

7. A mechanical movement comprising sets of gears including gears all lying in a common plane, links in each set connecting a pair of said co-planar gears, and means connecting the gears of one of said sets to those of the other set so as to cause the linkmonnected gears of one set -to rotate oppositely to those of the otherset,

\ whereby said links approach and recede from one another as said circular elements are rotated.

2. A device as in claim 1, said links being parallel to each other.

3. A device as in claim 1, said links being arranged in alinement with each other.

4. A mechanical movement comprising a plurality of pairsvof gears all located in a common plane, a pair of links, each of said links connecting a gear of a pair to a gear of another pair, connections between the gears of said pairs for causing the gears connected by one of said links to rotate oppositely to those connected by the other of said links, the points of connection of the links to the gears being such that the links are always alined with each other and so approach and recede with relation to each other in the rotation of the gears.

5. A mechanical movement as in claim 4, including gears interposed between the link-connected gears and in driving relation therewith.

6. A mechanical movement comprising sets of gears all of said gears being located in a common plane, alined links connecting a pair of gears in each set, and means connecting gears of one of said sets to gears of the other set so as to cause the gears connected by one of said links to rotateoppositely to those connected by each other in the operation of the device.

8. A mechanical movement as in claim 7, the links being parallel and remaining in the same plane at all times.

9. A mechanical movement as in claim 7, including gears interposedbetween the link-connected gears in each of said sets and in driving relation therewith.

10. A mechanical movement comprising sets of gears, the gears of said sets being located in a common plane and the axes of the gears in each set lying in a common plane, the plane of gears of the axes of one set being parallel to the plane of the axes of the other set, a link in each set connecting a, pair of gears in said set, .and means for rotating the similarly-located gears of said sets, in opposite directions, whereby said links remain parallel throughout the operation of the mechanism.

11. A mechanical movement as in claim 10,

each of said sets of gears including a gear inter- EDWARD a. DOUGHERTY.

the other link, whereby said, links are made to 

